Annotated bibliography
Secondary sources
"19,000 Animals Killed in Automotive Crash Tests." The New York Times. The NewYork Times, 27 Sept. 1991. Web. 30 Oct. 2014.
<http://www.nytimes.com/1991/09/28/us/19000-animals-killed-in-automotive-crash-tests.html>.
The newspaper article is about PETA bringing an end to car crash testing on animals. According to the article, about 19,000 dogs, rabbits, pigs, ferrets, rats and mice have been killed during the last decade in automobile safety tests performed by the General Motors Corporation. GM claimed that the use of animals will help determine what safety measures need to be taken to ensure safe driving for people on the roads, however, the method of using live animals is deemed unethical by animal rights organizations such as PETA. They oppose testing on animals since modern technology could serve as a substitute to the murder of innocent animals. GM has agreed to stop their methods of trauma testing, which completely terminated the use of live animals since they were the last company to use such methods. The article was posted in The New York Times, which is a reliable source with credible facts. The article is written in favor of PETA, since it describes the organization’s accomplishment as a positive success.
"Animal Shelters | PETA Latino." PETA Latino Animal Shelters Comments. PETA Latino, n.d. Web. 10 Jan. 2015.
This article discusses the morality of animal shelters and defends the use of euthanasia on animals that are in too much pain to be kept alive. Most “no-kill” shelters do not support the use of euthanasia because they think it is not right to put animals down, however the article claims that these shelters avoid the decision altogether by rejecting animals they deem unadoptable. Animals that are very sick or hurt are turned away because the shelters do not have room to house them. PETA claims that euthanasia is a humane way of putting the animal out of its suffering, which is favorable to leaving the animal to die. The article was published on PETA’s website which is a credible source, as it is written directly by the group. There is a bias in favor of PETA since it is written by them, and it also defends PETA’s use of euthanasia in shelters, which is supported by the organization.
"Animal Welfare Act." Animal Welfare Act. United States Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Library, n.d. Web. 10 Jan. 2015.
This website explained what the Animal Welfare Act (AWA) is and the various amendments that have been made since it was originally created. PETA has helped bring about the amendment of 1985, which took place 5 years after the organization was founded. Their work on the Silver Spring Monkeys case was a major contribution to bringing about this amendment. Both the case and the addition to the AWA have been major accomplishments in the animal rights movement and contributed to PETA’s fame. This source provides a link to the AWA. It is a government website and is credible. There is a bias in favor of PETA because it promotes the well being of animals.
"Anti-Cruelty Law Demanded." CBSNews. CBS Interactive, 7 Sept. 1998. Web. 30 Oct. 2014. <http://www.cbsnews.com/news/anti-
cruelty-law-demanded/>
The newspaper article talks about PETA’s protest over the cruel treatment of animals in Taiwan. PETA claims that thousands of strays in Taiwan are being electrocuted, starved, poisoned, and buried alive in dog pounds because no law prohibits cruelty to animals. The organization showed videos of stray dogs dying of starvation, tied by metal nooses in pens. PETA successfully tried to persuade the Taiwanese government to pass animal protection legislation. It is the first anti-cruelty law to be passed in Taiwan, making it a crime to cause unnecessary pain and suffering to dogs and other animals. PETA has not only made a difference in the U.S. where it is headquartered, but has taken its mission and spread it worldwide. The article was published on CBS, which is a credible newspaper and contains accurate facts. There is only a small bias in PETA’s favor because the article is describing the organization’s actions in making Taiwan a better place for animals to live.
Cadwalladr, Carole. "Peta's Ingrid Newkirk: Making the Fury Fly." The Guardian/The Observer. Guardian News and Media Limited or Its Affiliated Companies., 30 Mar. 2013. Web. 21 Sept. 2014.
Cadwalladr give the readers insight on Ingrid Newkirk’s methods to raise awareness about animal rights and the abuse they face. One of Newkirk’s goals is to stop killing animals for their fur in order to make clothes for humans.In her article, Cadwalladr analyzes the controversial topic of nudity to evoke human sympathy over the stripping and consequential murdering of
animals of their fur and discusses the ethics behind euthanization as a form of relief for animals facing abuse. Cadwalladr logically backs Newkirk’s controversial actions while reaching out to her audience to persuade them to take part in bringing an end to inhumane behavior towards other animals as well. The Guardian is a credible news database that offers factual information. The article is slightly biased in Newkirk’s favor, as it focuses on her accomplishments and rationalizes her actions and methods of gaining publicity.
Deckha, Maneesha. “DISTURBING IMAGES PETA AND THE FEMINIST ETHICS OF ANIMAL ADVOCACY.” Ethics and the
Environment 13.2 (2008): 35-38. Web.
The scholarly journal is written by associate professor Maneesha Deckha, who has taught courses on Animals, Culture and the Law; Bioethics, Personhood and the Law; Feminist Legal Theories; Health Law, Administrative Law; Property; and Legal Process. In the article, Deckha analyzes gender roles in two of PETA’s animal rights advocacy campaigns using a feminist approach. While many feminists have criticized PETA’s antifur ads and the Milk Gone Wild campaigns for the objectification of women to oppose animal oppression, Deckha argues that they should not be read as sexist since some representation of female sexuality aligns with post-
humanist feminist ethic. She also explains what should be done to avoid raising the status of animals at the expense of women. Her article shows a slight bias in PETA’s favor since it both defends and constructively critiques PETA’s campaign methods. This article is helpful because it gives unique insight to differing perspectives on PETA’s campaigns and offers solutions.
Freeman, Carrie. "Framing Animal Rights in the "Go Veg" Campaigns of U.S. Animal Rights Organizations." Scholar Works at Georgia
State University. Georgia State University, 2010. Web. 11 Oct. 2014.
The article “Framing Animal Rights in the “Go Veg” Campaigns of U.S. Animal Rights Organizations,” is a scholarly article published by the Georgia State University. The author Carrie Packwood Freeman studied the problems and solutions as framed by five major animal rights organizations. She critiques and evaluates the organizations’ vegan campaigns claiming that they use vegetarian diets as a solution to animal cruelty, commodification, needless killing and harm to humans and the environment. She studied ARO’s that had a mission in animal rights and veganism instead of just promoting humane farming, campaigns providing public advocacy pieces and were nationwide organizations. Freeman studied how the claims of animal cruelty made by PETA and other similar organizations have been used to promote vegetarianism. The article is insightful and considers the possibility of a dual motive behind some animal rights organizations.
Freeman, Nate. "PETA to Protest Donna Karan Fur By Storming Office With Noise Of Screaming Rabbits." Observer.
OBSERVERMEDIA, 07 Feb. 2011. Web. 06 Jan. 2015.
This article is about one of PETA’s anti-fur protests. In this protest, campaigners stormed Karan’s offices blasting the noise of screaming rabbits. To do this the group had to secure a sound permit that allowed the noise to reach no more than 75 decibels at ten feet. The recording was taken at a fur farm and was intended to get people to see the horrors of using fur in clothing. PETA tried to convince Karan to join other top designers such as Calvin Klein, Stella McCartney, Ralph Lauren, and Tommy Hilfiger, who have all agreed to stop using fur completely. This source is credible and there is a slight bias against PETA.
Gaarder, Emily. "Connecting Inequalities." Women and the Animal Rights Movement. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers UP, 2011. 13+.v. Print.
This book analyzes the role of women in the Animal Rights Movement and the impact that gender has on social movements. Emily Gaarder is an assistant professor at the University of Minnesota Duluth in the sociology department. She has several degrees and interacts with different organizations working on social justice and nonviolence for women and animals. Gaarder discusses PETA’s targeted controversy regarding their sexualized pictures of women in their no fur campaigns. However, she rather focuses on the idea that female activists are willing to go to any extents to advance in the Animal Rights Movement. With a clear focus to promote Animal Rights and her thorough analysis of PETA’s website and media releases, Gaarder offers bias but credible insight on PETA’s use of gender in their outreach campaigns.
Gaarder, Emily. ""The Animals Come First": Perpetuating Sexism: Critiques of Sexualized Campaigns."Women and the Animal Rights
Movement. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers UP, 2011. 120+. Print.
This section of the chapter “The Animals Come First” focuses on the criticisms that women have towards PETA’s sexualizing campaigns. Emily Gaarder is a credible assistant professor at the University of Minnesota Duluth in the sociology department. She has worked with different organizations working on social justice and nonviolence for women and animals. Gaarder explains the reasons for why many women are against PETA’s campaigns. Some women say that they are only portraying a certain type of woman and body type, skinny, etc. They also think that their campaigns are harming the feminism movement, labeling women as sexual objects and undermining the intelligence and thought of women. In addition, they find the nudity discouraging to the activists and supporters as well as offend more that encourage action. In this section, Gaarder states her credible results from talking to women and getting their opinion on PETA’s uses of gender in their campaigns. It is bias in the sense that only negatives are discussed. Nevertheless, it will be put toward her analysis of the dilemmas that female activists face in the Animal Rights Movement.
Gaarder, Emily. "The Animals Come First: Using Sexism to Sell Animal Rights." Women and the Animal Rights Movement. New
Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers UP, 2011. 117-20. Print.
This section of the book discusses the various ways that PETA uses gender in their media tactics as well as the reaction of women’s reactions to the ads and campaigns. Emily Gaarder is an assistant professor at the University of Minnesota Duluth in the sociology department. She has several degrees and interacts with different organizations working on social justice and nonviolence for women and animals. Some of PETA’s campaigns include Playboy model Kimberly Hefner as Uncle Sam in the I Choose You poster with a caption saying, “I Want YOU to go Vegetarian” and Pamela Lee Anderson naked and covering her breasts with a caption saying, “Give fur the cold shoulder.” When Gaarder showed some women a stack of PETA advertisements similar to these, 44% opposed, 30% supported, and 26% had mixed feelings. She displays credible and valid statistics for the opinions of women regarding PETA’s sexualized campaigns. With a purpose to investigate, Gaarder will analyze the statistics and explain the dilemma of female activists in the Animal Rights Movement.
Gaarder, Emily. ""The Animals Come First": Whatever It Takes: In Support of PETA." Women and the Animal Rights Movement. New
Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers UP, 2011. 123+. Print.
This section of the chapter discussed the reasons why some women support PETA’s campaigns. Emily Gaarder is an assistant professor at the University of Minnesota Duluth in the sociology department. She has several degrees and interacts with different organizations working on social justice and nonviolence for women and animals. The women thought that the sexual ads were effective in spreading the word in a male-dominated society and that the women chose to participate in the campaigns. They were not forced, but rather voluntarily used their bodies to help the ultimately oppressed animals. All the women agreed the sexual campaigns are a great method of promoting animal rights, despite the controversies. Gaarder credibly discusses the results that she gathered in her investigations and thoroughly discuss both sides of the argument.
Gaarder, Emily. ""The Animals Come First": Competing Loyalties: Torn between Issues." Women and the Animal Rights Movement.
New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers UP, 2011. 125+. Print.
This section of the chapter discusses how some women are unsure about their opinions of PETA’s campaigns. Emily Gaarder is an assistant professor at the University of Minnesota Duluth in the sociology department. She has several degrees and interacts with different organizations working on social justice and nonviolence for women and animals. Some women acknowledge the efficiency of the gender use in PETA’s campaigns and think that everything should be done to help animals, regardless of the offensive content to feminism. They also understand that the women exposed in the ads chose to take their clothing off for animals. No one forced them. Gaarder credibly discusses the results that she gathered in her investigations and thoroughly discuss all sides of the argument.
Gaarder, Emily. ""The Animals Come First": "They Don't Have Any Voice At All": Prioritizing Animals." Women and the Animal Rights
Movement. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers UP, 2011. 133-42. Print.
This section discusses the animal rights movement alongside other social movements. Emily Gaarder is an credible assistant professor at the University of Minnesota Duluth in the sociology department. She has several degrees and interacts with different organizations working on social justice and nonviolence for women and animals. Regarding the feminism movement, people feel that the Animal Rights Movement should be more focused on animals instead of animals, as shown in some of PETA’s campaigns. As for racial movements, many people acknowledge the similarity between humans and animals in the sense that both were treated like things before. Slaves were dehumanized and treated like property. Animals are currently facing that issue. This is why people in the Animal Rights Movement want to prioritize animals. Gaarder credibly discusses the information that she’s gathered and displays all sides of her research.
Gaarder, Emily. ""The Animals Come First": Competing Frameworks in the Movement" Women and the Animal Rights Movement. New
Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers UP, 2011. 142-47. Print.
This section discusses the two competing frameworks in animal rights. Emily Gaarder is an credible assistant professor at the University of Minnesota Duluth in the sociology department. She has several degrees and interacts with different organizations working on social justice and nonviolence for women and animals. One framework views animals as the worst oppression in existence and the other views human and animal inequality as equals. Gaarder argues that animal rights have been lost in some of the other more important causes. It takes a backseat while other social movements. She credibly discusses the two different frameworks although she has a clear bias towards Animal Rights.
Gastyishkin, D. S. "PEOPLE OF THE ETHICAL TREATMENT OF ANIMALS." Siberian Federal University, n.d. Web. 13 Oct. 2014.
This scholarly journal article is an overview of PETA and its positions on animal rights as well as the action they take to try and suppress animal cruelty. The author is D.S.Gastyishkin, a professor at Siberian Federal University. His article offers a synthesized biography regarding the founding of PETA. He discusses their positions, philosophy, and the actions they take to bring awareness to the issue such as campaigning and boycotting. He softly addresses PETA’s most controversial action of putting down most of the animals they rescue. However, he kindly dismisses this with the reason that euthanizations are used so that the animals do not have to suffer for longer than they already have. With a clear bias towards PETA, Professor Gastyishkin is nonetheless credible.With a clear focus to promote animal rights, he provides concise evidence of PETA’s influence on the Animal Rights Movement.
Gerken, James. "Belinda Carlisle On PETA Ad With Go-Go's Bandmates: 'It Was Clever And Would Get People Talking'" The HuffingtonPost. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 8 June 2013. Web. 06 Jan. 2015.
This article is about PETA’s “I’d rather go naked than wear fur” campaign starring the Go-Go’s who were the first all-female band to hit number one writing their own music and playing their own instruments. Belinda Carlisle is the vegetarian front woman of the band and has been involved with PETA for several years. She has a passion for animals and has agreed to pose for the campaign photos. This campaigning strategy was very controversial because it exploits women’s bodies. This source will contribute to our antithesis page because it discusses the opposing view-points concerning PETA’s campaigning strategies. The source is a credible news base and shows a slight bias in PETA’s favor because it refutes the controversy and focuses on the ethics of vegetarian diets.
Glass, Suzanne. "The Peta Principal." Financial Times. THE FINANCIAL TIMES LTD, 7 Nov. 2008. Web. 24 Nov. 2014.
<http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/8c8d285c-aad2-11dd-897c000077b07658.html#axzz3IEZ0MzaO>.
The magazine article is about Ingrid Newkirk and some of her actions in the animal rights organization, PETA. It includes inspirations in her early life that have influenced her to make the decision to create a organization to protect animal rights. The article quotes Newkirk directly, about the animal cruelty she witnessed in India as a child and young adult and discusses the transformation of PETA from a small group of people with an idea to an international organization. Newkirk talks about some of the things her ARO has done to fight for the rights of animals, including the “I’d rather go naked than wear fur campaigns,” and the group’s protest against major fashion companies that insist on using leather and fur. The source is reliable and includes direct quotations from Newkirk in her interview with Suzanne Glass. The facts have been checked against other reliable sources, and everything matches. There is a bias in favor of PETA, since the article includes Newkirk’s own views on the matter, which are pro-PETA and pro-animal rights.
Greenberger, Scott S. "NRA, PETA Battle Over 'Murdering Animals'" The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 06 May 2014. Web.
30 Oct. 2014.
This newspaper article discusses the laws that included hunting and fishing rights and how groups like PETA try to fight against these laws. Scott S. Greenberger is a credible author of many books discussing social sciences. His article gives us background about the fishing and hunting laws in the 50 states as well as the success of organizations in lobbying a ban in many states. With organizations like PETA, many of these hunting and fishing laws are stopped, protecting animals all over the country. Scott S. Greenberger is bias towards the organizations that advocate against hunting and fishing laws. Although his article mainly discusses the actions of the Humane Society, he does allude to PETa’s similar impacts in protecting animals by stopping these laws.
Hurley, Jennifer A. The Rights of Animals. By Jennifer A. Hurley. San Diego: Green Haven Press, 1999. 14-15. Print.
These pages talk about the change in animals’ rights since the 1800s. Before the 1800’s animals were considered inferior creatures without feelings and property of humans used for food, labor and clothing. This mentality changed over time and people began to realize that animals were capable of experiencing pain. New rules concerning the treatment of research animals were passed in 1985 after Alex Pacheco from PETA worked undercover at a research lab, and released a videotape of cruelty to monkeys. PETA became a crucial force in the animal rights movement. PETA was able to attract much media attention to its cause by going undercover and convincing celebrities to join the cause. PETA and its followers believe that animals are not put on the earth for humans to exploit This view has gained wider acceptance as more people make a conscious choice to demonstrate against the use of animals in circus acts, to avoid wearing fur, and to become vegetarian. The book quotes PETA’s websites and the data presented in the book has been checked; it is a credible source. The book discusses the opposing views of animal rights, but the information regarding PETA is presented in their favor, showing a slight bias.
Hurley, Jennifer A. The Rights of Animals. By Jennifer A. Hurley. San Diego: Green Haven Press, 1999. 35. Print.
This page talks about Animal Rights Organizations such as PETA from a perspective in which their campaigns are the actions of terrorists. Hurley writes that the actions the ARO’s take are violent and extreme. These actions include vandalizing and fire-bombing meat companies, fur industries, fast food restaurants, leather shops and medical research laboratories. The terrorists make it clear that animal testing is unethical and even if it helps find the cure for lethal diseases, the means by which the results were found would still be unjustified by the end result, since animals had to suffer for human benefit. This section of the book provides the opposing view on animal rights and is written with a bias against PETA. The publishing company is credible and reliable, and the information in the book has been checked and approved.
Hurley, Jennifer A. The Rights of Animals. By Jennifer A. Hurley. San Diego: Green Haven Press, 1999. 43. Print.
This part of the book talks about PETA’s involvement in the Silver Spring Monkeys’ Case. Cofounder of PETA, Alex Pacheco applied for a job at an experimentation laboratory where the monkeys were being held captive and experimented on under the guidance of Edward Taub, a neuroscientist working at the Institute for Behavioral Research in Silver Spring, Maryland. Taub was not aware that Pacheco and Newkirk had established an organization for animal rights, and while he was away on vacation, Pacheco assembled documentation attesting to unsanitary conditions in the laboratory and lack of proper treatment for the monkeys’ injuries. Pacheco presented his findings to the local police and the whole affair resulted in many court trials, the termination of Taub’s grant from the National Institute of Health, and new regulations for the treatment of animals being set in place. This book’s information has been fact checked against other credible sources, and the publishing company is credible, so this book is a useful resource. There is a small bias in favor of PETA in this part of the book since it emphasizes the cruelties the Silver Spring monkeys had to face at the hand of the laboratory.
Hurley, Jennifer A. The Rights of Animals. By Jennifer A. Hurley. San Diego: Green Haven Press, 1999. 215. Print.
This section of the book bears information on the animal rights organization, PETA. It describes PETA as an international organization dedicated to establishing and protecting the rights of all animals. The four areas of the ARO’s focus are factory farming, research laboratories, the fur trade, and the entertainment industry. They are against mass murder of livestock, experimentation on animals, killing animals for their fur, and abusing them in places such as circuses, horse racing, etc. PETA promotes public education on the matter of animal rights, cruelty investigations, animal rescue, celebrity involvement, and legislative and direct action. The book also provides contact information and other organizations with similar goals in the fight against animal cruelty. The publishing company is credible and all the facts in the book have been checked, making this book a useful source. There is a bias towards PETA since it does not talk about any negative goals or actions PETA may have been involved with, but sheds a positive light upon the workings of the organization.
"In the Hot Seat." Satya Jan.01: The Sayta Interview with Ingrid Newkirk of PETA, Part 2. Stealth Technologies, Inc., n.d. Web. 14 Dec.
2014.
This article of an interview with Ingrid Newkirk features her discussing the controversy of PETA’s ads as well as viewers’ reactions. Satya is an independent publication who accepts articles, photos, and reviews without discrimination. In the interview, Newkirk believes that the ads help them bring attention to the animals, which is what really matters. When her ads hurt an individuals feelings, she apologizes for the offense, but remains proud of her campaigns because it has people noticing and taking action. Newkirk explains that PETA is the largest organization because it catches people’s attention. This interview with Ingrid Newkirk is credible although it has bias in the sense that it has a specific message to carry across. These are Newkirk’s own words and credibly display her views on this topic.
Interlandi, Jeneen. "PETA and Euthanasia." Newsweek. Newsweek LLC, 14 Apr. 2011. Web. 30 Oct. 2014.
This newspaper article discusses PETA’s action of euthanizing a majority of the animals that they save simply because there is not enough people adopting them. Jeneen Interlandi is a credible author who has written many other articles for Newsweek and brings attention to social issues in society. PETA believes that euthanizations are a humane way to give peace to the unwanted and suffering animals. He discusses the controversy of these euthanizations as other organizations have found more humane ways to preserve these animals. Even under all of this criticism, PETA remains a strong advocate for animal rights as well as euthanizations being an acceptable method to bring animals peace. Interlandi is bias against PETA as she discusses the fact that other organizations have found an alternative to euthanizing their animals, but she does bring readers’ attention to the positive impacts of PETA’s actions.
Klauber, Bridget. "SEE NO EVIL, HEAR NO EVIL: THE FEDERAL COURTS AND THE SILVER SPRING MONKEYS." University of
Colorado Law Review(1992): 501-20. HeinOnline. University of Colorado School of Law, 1992. Web. 29 Oct. 2014.
<http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/ucollr63&div=32&g_sent=1&collection=journals#517>.
The scholarly journal is about the Silver Spring Monkeys case and PETA’s success in bringing reform to animal treatment. The true horrors of the animal experimentation were exposed in PETA’s undercover investigation. Results showed that the animals were being held captive in less than endurable conditions, often losing several fingers, being forced to search through years of accumulated feces for food, and self mutilating out of distress and fear caused by the physical and mental anguish they experienced. The animals’ spinal nerves were severed, rendering their limbs useless, to see if it is possible for them to use the limbs they could no longer feel when tortured. This investigation led to the nation’s first arrest and criminal conviction of an animal experimenter, the first confiscation of abused animals from a laboratory, and the first U.S Supreme Court victory for animals used in experiments. PETA’s investigation also led to additions to the Animal Welfare Act, leaving a lasting impact for future experimentation. The source is reliable and factual; it records the findings of the investigation in a diplomatic way, although it is slightly biased in PETA’s favor, as it exposes and highlights the horrors inflicted upon the monkeys.
Muska, D. Dowd. "Nevada Journal: The PETA Principle." Nevada Journal: The PETA Principle. Nevada Journal, n.d. Web. 09 Oct.
2014.
The article is an account of Ingrid Newkirk and PETA’s influence in Nevada. The author, Dowd Muska, is a Nevada Journal contributing editor who focuses primarily on American history. The article addresses the changes in the animal right movements compared to past uprisings. Dowd critiques the methods of organizations that are both violent and nonviolent, and discusses PETA’s role in the movement. He claims that the animal rights movement has expanded from where it used to be only about stopping brutality in places such as puppy mills to fighting against the use of animals for food, clothing, medical research and entertainment. The author includes his own personal beliefs on the matter, stating that some organizations are taking their acts of rebellion too far. The article offers authentic insight to how the animal rights movement is being received by the public.
Redwood, Daniel. "Interviews with People Who Make a Difference: Making Kind Choices, Interview with Ingrid Newkirk as Interviewed
by Daniel Redwood DC." Healthy People, Healthy Planet. HealthWorld Online, n.d. Web. 04 Nov. 2014.
This article gives some background information about Ingrid Newkirk and her animal rights organization, PETA and then continues in the format of an interview between Newkirk and Daniel Redwood. They discuss some of the motivations behind Newkirk’s founding of PETA and talk about the evolution of the ARO from its humble beginnings as a group of about 10 people into a worldwide organization. Newkirk also describes some of the things PETA has done in the fight for animal rights and explains what sort of abuse the animals experience and why she believes it needs to be stopped. Newkirk tells Redwood about the things PETA does besides the dramatic tactics such as negotiating with company owners about alternative solutions to their unethical treatment of animals, and about the work that doesn’t get attention from the press. This website is reliable and the interview provides direct quotes from Newkirk. There is a bias in favor of PETA because most of Newkirk’s answers defend PETA’s actions and are very pro-animal rights.
Romano, Tricia. "PETA Gone Wild: Flour Bombing Kim Kardashian, Accusing HBO of “Murder”." The Daily Beast. Newsweek/Daily
Beast, 2 Apr. 2012. Web. 06 Jan. 2015.
This article describes some of PETA’s more radical strategies of protesting. A member of PETA flour-bombed Kim Kardashian, who supports the use of animal fur in fashion. They flour-bombed her on the red carpet, which was a very bold and controversial move. They also accused HBO for murdering the horses that died during the filming of “Luck” after receiving anonymous tips that the animals were being abused. The source is credible and will contribute towards our antithesis. There is a bias against PETA, however the article includes PETA’s explanation of their actions.
Schwartz, Jeffrey, and Sharon Begley. The Mind and the Brain: Neuroplasticity and the Power of Mental Force. New York: Regan
/HarperCollins Publ., 2002. 161. Print.
This page of the book discusses the PETA’s Silver Spring Monkeys Case’s double legacy. Apart from leading a successful animal rights case, PETA has brought about the amendment to the Animal Welfare Act, which requires that researchers reduce unnecessary suffering among animals, and has become a force in the animal rights movement. The authors are credible and the facts presented in the book have been checked upon publication. There is a bias in favor of PETA since it describes the positive changes PETA has contributed to the animal rights movement.
Spindler, Amy M. "Calvin Klein Will Stop Making Furs." The New York Times. The New York Times, 11 Feb. 1994. Web. 30 Oct. 2014.
<http://www.nytimes.com/1994/02/11/business/calvin-klein-will-stop-making-furs.html>.
This newspaper article is about the major clothing brand, Calvin Klein, and the company’s decision to stop manufacturing clothes made out of animal fur. Newkirk’s organization, PETA, invaded Klein offices and demanded that he stop the use of fur in his clothing lines. The members of the organization successfully got Klein’s attention and proceeded to show him a video of animals being killed for their fur. He agreed not to use fur, although he claims that he made the decision for personal reasons and not under the groups influence. The author reveals information from the Fur Information Counsel of America in Washington, that contradicts Klein’s statement. Evidence shows that PETA managed to convince Klein to stop using fur, which led to other designers such as Giorgio Armani, Christian LaCroix, Bill Blass, Carolina Herrera and Norma Kamali to abandon the use of fur as well. This is a huge step in the animal rights movement and will pave the way for future animal wellness measures in the fashion industry. The article is published in The New York Times, which is a credible newspaper that publishes accurate facts. The article is biased towards PETA, because it strongly backs the organization’s involvement and highlights the magnitude of its accomplishment.
Vamburkar, Meenal. "PETA’s Most Controversial Publicity Stunts." Mediaite PETAs Most Controversial Publicity Stunts Comments.
Mediaite, LLC, 6 June 2012. Web. 06 Jan. 2015.
This article discusses the controversy surrounding some of PETA’s campaigns. These campaigns include the “I’d rather go naked than wear fur” campaigns in which women pose naked to encourage people to stop wearing fur. It is the belief of some people that these methods are provocative and take the focus away from the animals. This article is useful because it gives insight to the other side of the story and contributes to our antithesis. The source is credible and has a bias against PETA.
Winerip, Michael. "PETA Finds Itself on Receiving End of Others’ Anger." The New York Times. The New York Times, 06 July 2013.
Web. 23 Oct. 2014.
This newspaper article reports on PETA’s viewpoints on the no-kill movement compared to other recent views as well as actions taken by other persons. The author Michael Winerip is a credible author who has written five different columns in the approximately 30 years for a very credible Newspaper, The Times. PETA believes that the no-kill movement is an unachievable policy and that euthanasia is a humane method of putting animals to peace. Maddie’s Fund, an organization responsible for spreading the no-kill movement pays shelters hundreds to thousands of dollars for each animal adopted. PETA on the other hand euthanizes hurting animals instead of forcing them to live in pain and suffering. This is a more humane action and its costs are much lower, allowing the additional funds to be pushed towards other components of animal rights. Winerip is clearly biased against PETA’s euthanizations and promotes the no-kill movement. Nevertheless, he also credibly describes their actions and their intentions behind the euthanizations.
Primary sources
"A Letter From PETA." Anchorage Press. ANCHORAGE PRESS, 12 Nov. 2014. Web. 9 Dec. 2014.
<http://www.anchoragepress.com/letters/1079/letter-peta>
This is a letter from PETA sent to Mr. Michael Snowden, a man who was recently attacked by a mother bear during a deer hunting trip. The letter wished him a quick recovery but also tried to convince Snowden to give up hunting for good. Alicia Woemper wrote that the terrifying experience of being attacked by a bear should be compared to how the hunted animals feel when they are being shot at and left to die. She explained that the nature of bears was similar to that of humans in that they feel protective of their young, and believes that the reason for the attack was simply a mother’s attempt to rescue her cubs. She also offers statistics to show how much the deer suffer and the duration of their suffering to compel Snowden to stop hunting. The source provides the full text of the letter, and leaves the reader to decide for themselves how they feel about it, offering some bias because in favor of PETA because it only shows the arguments against hunting. The source is credible and useful because it shows that PETA addresses even individual cases of animal abuse, and takes every incident into account.
Animal Welfare Laws. Digital image. DEFRA. Crown, 2006. Web. 6 Dec. 2014.
This photo is a book cover. The cover pictures a rabbit and introduced the Animal Welfare Act. It is useful for our project because we included a section about the Animal Welfare Act amendment that PETA helped bring about. It is credible and there is a bias in favor of PETA because it discusses the Animal Welfare laws, which are meant to protest the well-being of animals.
Caged Cats. Digital image. PETA Latino. PETA Latino, n.d. Web. 2 Dec. 2014.
This photo shows three cats looking lost and scared behind bars in an animal shelter. Animal shelters are a common site of cruelty and abuse or neglect. PETA supports euthanizing animals who are terminally ill or are in extreme pain because "no kill" shelters often reject these animals and leave them to their suffering. There is a bias in this photo. It is trying to appeal to the sympathy in its viewers so that they might be more compelled to take action against the cruelty.
Caged Dogs. Digital image. PETA Latino. PETA Latino, n.d. Web. 2 Dec. 2014.
This photo shows two dogs looking lost and scared behind bars. Animal shelters are a common site of cruelty and abuse or neglect. PETA supports euthanizing animals who are terminally ill or are in extreme pain because "no kill" shelters often reject these animals and leave them to their suffering. here is a bias in this photo. It is trying to bring out the sympathy in its viewers so that they might be more compelled to take action against the cruelty.
Carley, Wayne W. "Like and Unlike: An Open Letter to Alicia Silverstone and People for theEthical Treatment of Animals." The American
Biology Teacher 60.2 (1998): 83-84. JSTOR. Web. 16 Oct. 2014.
This scholarly journal article includes a written conversation in the form of letters between Alicia Silverstone and Carly W. Wayne. The author Carly W. Wayne is the executive director at the National Association of Biology Teachers. His Ph.D. further supports his credibility. Replying to a letter from Silverstone, his views regarding dissections clearly differ from a member of PETA. PETA hopes to convince the NABT to voice their opinion and to find an alternative to dissections in education. They strongly believe that dissections are not essential in the learning process in Science. It unreasonably destroys life, when inanimate objects such as models can be used as a replacement and guarantee similar results. Wayne strongly disagrees with Silverstone, but nevertheless he offers credible viewpoints, first hand experiences, as well as an acknowledgement of PETA’s viewpoints.
Congressional Findings for 1985 Amendment. Digital image. United States Code. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1985. Web. 5 Nov.
2014.
This photograph shows the Congressional Findings for the 1985 amendment. It is a modification of the Animal Welfare Act. It is bias towards PETA because it shows one of PETA’s accomplishments as an Animal Rights Organization.
Cruz, Gilbert. "10 Questions for Ingrid Newkirk - Video - TIME.com." Time. Time Inc., n.d. Web. 14 Dec. 2014.
<http://content.time.com/time/video/player/0,32068,1875308404_1853517,00.html>.
This video interview is between Ingrid Newkirk and Gilbert Cruz. In this interview, she answers 10 questions from Time readers. These questions included ways in which ordinary people can get involved in fighting for animal right and questions about some of the ARO’s work and methods. Newkirk explains that the controversy behind some of their campaigns have gotten people to really pay attention to what was going on with the movement, even if they had’nt been interested in it at all before. She also talks about some of the most important steps the movement has produced in the fight for animal rights, among which is bringing an end to animal car crash testing and trauma experiments. She also talks about one of PETA’s goals to create in-vitro meat, which means creating and growing meat in a laboratory that will have all the same properties of meat that came from the slaughtering of an animal. She also confronts some of the criticism surrounding PETA’s aim to give animals rights, saying that the organization is not trying to give the animals the right to vote or the right to drive a car, but simply to give them their most basic needs: food, water, and peace. The source is credible, and the video is slightly biased in PETA’s favor since Ingrid Newkirk is giving her own perspective on animal rights and is a part of PETA.
Cunningham, Vanessa. “Rats are not considered animals under the federal Animal Welfare Act, even though rats and mice make up
approximately 95 percent of the animals suffering in labs.” Digital image. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals. PETA, 23
Apr. 2013. Web. 10 Dec. 2014. <http://www.peta.org/living/beauty/13-eye-opening-photos-animals-labs/>.
This photograph shows a rat with staples holding together the skin where its head had previously been cut open for experimentation purposes. The caption under the photo explains that rats and mice are not considered animals under the Animal Welfare Act so they are not protected by the same laws. They are the most frequently tested animals, and experience the most abuse. They are living creatures just like any other animal, however they do not get the same treatment. PETA published this photo to open people’s eyes to the abuse inflicted on animals and to show them that it is a real issue. The photograph was published on PETA’s website, which is a credible source, however the image is biased, because it doesn’t show the positive results that may have been discovered through the experimentation; it just pictures the injuries inflicted on the mouse. It is useful for our project because the visual images of animal abuse are more effective than verbal descriptions in explaining why animal cruelty is such a big problem.
Dogs in Living Quarters. Digital image. PETA Latino. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, n.d. Web. 9 Nov. 2014.
This picture shows two unsatisfied and unhealthy dogs locked in a cage. This is bias because it shows how vulnerable the animals were and the hardships that they had to endure in the animal shelters.
Dogs in Living Quarters. Digital image. PETA Latino. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, n.d. Web. 12 Nov. 2014.
This picture shows three cats that are suffering from the horrible conditions at shelters. Their sad frown shows the need for reform. PETA is one of the organizations that achieve this.
Drape, Joe. "PETA Accuses Two Trainers of Cruelty to Horses." The New York Times. The New York Times, 19 Mar. 2014. Web. 30
Oct. 2014.
This newspaper article discusses PETA’s exposure of Steve Asmussen, a trainer in horse races, cruelty to animals. Joe Drape is an award winning sports writer for the New York Times. He has many degrees that further support his credibility. In his article, he exposes the cruelties that Asmussen puts the horses through in addition to his administration of drugs to them for nontherapeutic purposes. He also encourages the use of electrical devices to shock horses so they can run faster. He gives credit to PETA’s undercover investigations for finding out these harsh treatments towards animals. PETA filed complaints with federal and state agencies in Kentucky and New York to prevent suffering horses from having to compete and undergo more abuse. PETA has also produced a 285 page report about his operations after they used a hidden camera to capture seven and more hours of video supporting Asmussen’s abuse of horses. He is bias towards PETA as he exposes the findings of their investigations. PETA uses investigations to expose the cruelty towards animals, to advocate for their rights.
"Emily Gaarder Interview." Online interview. 6 Jan. 2015.
Emily Gaarder is a credible professor with multiple degrees in the social sciences. She is an expert in the field and offers a more objective point of view as her opinions are influenced by data and research.
"Emily Lavender Interview." E-mail interview. 13 Jan. 2015.
Emily Lavender is part of PETA staff and she is a campaigner. She is a credible individual that can offer insight on how PETA works and what sets PETA apart from other animal rights organizations. There is a clear bias in the fact that she works for the organization.
"Emily Rohr Interview." E-mail interview. 12 Dec. 2014.
Emily Rohr is a part of PETA's youth organization called PETA2. She can offer insight on PETA's operations and the impact of PETA's actions on the world. She is a credible, but biased individual, based on the fact that she works for PETA. Her love for animals will also propel her to talk positively about the movement and the organization.
Friedrich, Bruce, Alex Bores, and Danny Blackman. "PETA Debate Video | Cornell Forensics Society." Cornell Forensics Society PETA
Debate Video Comments. Cornell Forensics Society, 17 Nov. 2010. Web. 19 Dec. 2014.
This video features a debate between PETA and Cornell’s Forensics Society. Bruce Friedrich, the vice president of PETA and Cornell students, Alex Bores and Danny Blackman are all credible people for discussing this subject. The Vice president of PETA, the worlds largest animal rights organization would have specific knowledge of PETA’s viewpoints. They are debating over the topic, “is eating meat ethical?” Friedrich argues that eating meat increases global poverty, hurts the environment and leads to animal cruelty. According to Friedrich, meat increases food prices in struggling, developing countries. Bores and Blackman argued that destroying the meat industry would cost 6.2 million jobs in the U.S. and, indirectly, approximately 17 percent of U.S. gross domestic product. They agree that excessive consumption of meat is unreasonable however a limited amount is not. Although both sides have their own bias in getting their points across, this video features both sides, thus you can get an objective viewpoint on the subject.
Grant, Alastair. Digital image. The Guardian. Guardian, n.d. Web. 16 Nov. 2014.
This photograph shows Ingrid Newkirk experiencing the same torture that the animals go through. She has a tube shoved down her throat to be force fed. This picture is bias towards Newkirk because it demonstrates how far she is willing to advocate for animals.
I Am an Animal: The Story of Ingrid Newkirk and PETA. Dir. Matthew Galkin. Perf. Ingrid Newkirk. HBO Studios, 2008. Youtube.com.
Youtube, 2 Sept. 2008. Web. 3 Jan. 2015.
This documentary was about Ingrid Newkirk and her animal rights organization, PETA. It gives insight to the daily life of an animal rights activist such as Ingrid Newkirk, and documents her routine from the moment she wakes up to the end of a day fighting for the rights of animals. The documentary talks about the criticism surrounding PETA and even features some of the hateful mail Newkirk receives from aggravated members of the public. Newkirk rebuts these criticisms and gives her side of the issue, shedding light on the true horrors of animal abuse. The documentary explains why the organization goes to extremes in their campaigns and it even shows some of the animals that the group’s work was able to help. The film is very biased, since it is from the perspective of the founder of PETA, and she is trying to get people to understand and support the group’s mission, however it also addresses some anti-PETA issues that give the documentary insight to both sides of the argument. The publisher and studio are experienced and reputable and have created many other similar works.
Ingrid Newkirk. Digital image. PETA. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, n.d. Web. 7 Dec. 2014.
This photo is a simple picture of Ingrid Newkirk. It shows little bias in the sense that Newkirk is showing kindness and compassion towards the dog.
Interlandi, Jeneen. "PETA and Euthanasia." Newsweek. Newsweek LLC, 14 Apr. 2011. Web. 30 Oct. 2014.
This newspaper article discusses PETA’s action of euthanizing a majority of the animals that they save simply because there is not enough people adopting them. Jeneen Interlandi is a credible author who has written many other articles for Newsweek and brings attention to social issues in society. PETA believes that euthanizations are a humane way to give peace to the unwanted and suffering animals. He discusses the controversy of these euthanizations as other organizations have found more humane ways to preserve these animals. Even under all of this criticism, PETA remains a strong advocate for animal rights as well as euthanizations being an acceptable method to bring animals peace. Interlandi is bias against PETA as she discusses the fact that other organizations have found an alternative to euthanizing their animals, but she does bring readers’ attention to the positive impacts of PETA’s actions.
Masters, Kim. "HBO Vs. PETA: Letters Reveal Long Battle Over 'Luck'" The Hollywood Reporter. The Hollywood Reporter, 29 Mar.
2012. Web. 9 Dec. 2014. <http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/hbo-luck-canceled-peta-305874>.
This website published several letters between PETA, and HBO about the horses’ safety on the set of the show Luck. PETA had received news that the safety precautions and conditions were not abiding by the American Humane Association regulations. They stepped in to inquire about the veterinary care and specialists that were hired to keep the horses safe. HBO responded that they had hired the appropriate care needed for the horses, however after 3 deaths on set, PETA demanded that they fix the situation immediately and accused HBO of not listening to the specialist’s advice and of neglecting the horse’s needs. The letters were published by Kim Masters, who was a contributing editor at Vanity Fair, Time and Esquire, and was a staff reporter for the Washington Post, and has received many awards for her journalism. She is credible, however the source is slightly biased in PETA’s favor because she introduces the letters by emphasizing PETA’s quick response to the alleged horse abuse. This is useful for our project because it is evidence against common beliefs that PETA immediately leaps to drastic measures and protests. They first try and get it touch with the organizations or people who are accused of animal abuse before they resort to extreme campaigns.
Mullins, Alisa. PETA President’s Birthday Wish Comes True. Digital image. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals. PETA, 11 June
2013. Web. 11 Dec. 2014.
This photograph shows Ingrid Newkirk’s direct influence in a cause that her organization People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals is advocating for. Alisa Mullins is a credible author whose writing has been published in numerous credible newspapers and journals, such as The New York Times. In the photo, Ingrid Newkirk is petting a bull that is burdened with a heavy cart of wood. This shows her caring for helpless animals that are abused on an everyday basis. Every year on her birthday, she chooses a cause that she would like to advocate for. In 2013, she chose Animal Rahat, which consists primarily of providing veterinary care, water, shade, rest, rehabilitation, and retirement to bullocks, donkeys, and other animals toiling as “beasts of burden” in India, the place where she spent her childhood. This article is clearly bias since it conveys a specific message that PETA wants their audience to know. It only advocates for their cause as they try to persuade their audience to donate to Animal Rahat. This photo is useful in our project because it shows part of Ingrid Newkirk’s inspiration for the actions she take as well as how her actions benefit animals.
Newkirk, Ingrid E. "Vegetarian Times." Google Books. Vegetarian Times, Jan. 2001. Web. 09 Dec. 2014.
This magazine featured a correspondence between PETA and the editors. This correspondence explained PETA’s goal as an organization, and discussed some of the achievements of the ARO. The editors wrote saying that they chose PETA to put into their Hall of Fame out of hundreds of thousands of other groups because they were among the best. The organizations that were chosen for the Hall of Fame were nonprofit humanitarian organizations who worked to make the world a better place. The editors applauded PETA for taking on the responsibilities of the animal rights movement from which many others shy away from. Ingrid Newkirk responded to the letter thanking the editors for the honor and explains that the ARO is dedicated to educating people about pure vegetarian eating and bringing an end to animal slaughter and suffering. She ends her response by saying that animal liberation is human liberation. This source is credible and both letters are original. This source is useful because it explains the goal of PETA in the founder’s own words in a succinct way. There is a bias in PETA’s favor because the letters were published in a vegetarian magazine, which focuses on ways to avoid eating meat and would naturally support a group such as PETA.
Newkirk, Ingrid. Ingrid Newkirk. Digital image. Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 27 May 2013. Web. 21 Dec. 2014.
This photograph shows Ingrid Newkirk, the president of PETA (The People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals). Newkirk is displaying a large and vibrant smile in the picture. Behind her, there is a blue wall with the the word “PETA” in it. This picture may show bias in the sense that it is portraying a positive side of Newkirk.
Pacheco, Alex. Monkeys were strapped into a homemade restraint chair—their waist, ankles, wrists, and neck kept immobile. Digital
image. PETA. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, n.d. Web. 18 Nov. 2015.
This photograph pictures one of the Silver Spring Monkeys locked in a restraint contraption. This restraining device was used to hold the monkeys in place as the scientist led various torture tests on the monkeys. Their nerves were severed and then the monkeys were shocked, beaten, starved and tortured to see if stress could force them to use the limbs they could no longer feel. This photo was taken by PETA’s co-founder, Alex Pacheco in an undercover study. This photo may be slightly biased in PETA’s favor since it could have been shot at an angle that most emphasized the monkey’s abuse and discomfort, however the source if original and first hand evidence of the treatment these monkeys received.
Pacheco, Alex. “Workers often neglected to feed the monkeys, and the animals would desperately pick through the waste at the bottom
of their cages trying to find food.” Digital image. PETA. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, n.d. Web. 10 Dec. 2014.<http://www.peta.org/issues/animals-used-for- experimentation/silver-spring-monkeys/>.
This photograph was taken by Alex Pacheco, the cofounder of PETA in an undercover investigation of the Silver Spring laboratory. It pictures two monkeys in their cage reaching out and searing through the dirt and waste for scraps of food. These photos show that the monkeys were not receiving proper attention and were being starved. They would not be fed regularly and after suffering through many experiments, they would have to use injured limbs to search for food. This photo is published on PETA’s website, and it was an original photograph. The photo might be biased since it captures only the poor conditions endured by the monkeys and it shows the viewers what Pacheco wanted to emphasize. The source is credible and was even used as evidence in the Silver Spring Monkeys cout case. It is helpful for our project because it shows people what PETA is really fighting against, and it emphasizes the abuse and neglect many animals experience.
People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, Inc. v. Doughney. United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit. 6 Sept. 2001. Google
Scholar. Google Scholar, 6 Sept. 2001. Web. 20 Oct. 2014. <http://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?
case=9707711260962961959&q=People+for+the+Ethical+Treatment+of+Animals,+Inc.+v. +Doughney&hl=en&as_sdt=6,33>.
The document was a record of a court case between People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), the plaintiff-appellee, and Michael T. Doughney, the defendant appellant. The ARO has been using PETA as its trademark since 1980 to promote public awareness about animal rights. In 1995, Doughney registered the domain name “peta.org” and used it for a website called “People Eating Tasty Animals,” which promoted the sale of leather, meat, and hunting equiptment, and had the bad-faith intent to profit off of the domain name. PETA sued Doughney for creating a website that was antithetical to PETA’s purpose, and for causing legitimate confusion among their followers who were looking for a PETA information website. By ruling of the court, Doughney had to transfer the domain name to the plaintiff, along with all other domain names that could mislead the public. This case was resolved in PETA’s favor and is how the ARO first provided access to information regarding their organization online. This source is helpful in identifying ways that PETA has affected the Animal Rights Movement.
PETA 1980 Milestone. Digital image. PETA. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, 1980. Web. 5 Dec. 2014.
This photo features the formation of PETA and their success on organizing the first World Day for Laboratory Animal Protest in the U.S. It also symbolizes their first demonstration in a shutdown chicken slaughter house at Arrow LivePoultry.This is clearly bias because it is taken to show a proud moment in PETA’s history.
PETA 1981 Milestone. Digital image. PETA. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, 1981. Web. 5 Dec. 2014.
This photograph shows the results from PETA’s undercover investigation that exposed the suffering of the Silver Spring monkeys in a Maryland research facility. This resulted in the first-ever police raid on the lab. This photo is biased because it is specifically taken to show PETA’s history.
PETA. 1982. N.d. PETA Website. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals. Web. 9 Dec. 2014.
This photograph displays PETA’s influence in the Animal Rights Movement, specifically regarding the issue of using animals in experiments. This is a credible photograph because it is the product of PETA’s undercover investigation in exposing the suffering of the Silver Springs monkeys. In the photo, a monkey is bandages and injured on the floor. It is missing its right arm and his eyes carry a pleading look, as if hoping to be rescued from his misery. There is also a hand wrapped around his body. There is clear bias because PETA chose this photo to depict the torture that the Silver Springs monkeys endured, advocating for one side. This photograph is useful in our project because it represents PETA as the guardian of animals used in experiments. They were the first ever to file a lawsuit for that cause.
PETA 1984 Milestone. Digital image. PETA. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, 1984. Web. 5 Dec. 2014.
This photograph show’s PETA shutting down a slaughterhouse in Texas. In this slaughterhouse, about 30,000 horses were starved in the frozen fields without shelter. This picture is bias because it shows a PETA milestone, an important event in PETA history.
PETA 1985 Milestone. Digital image. PETA. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, 1985. Web. 5 Dec. 2014.
This photo show’s its impact in the world. After it publicized the mistreatment of animals at City of Hope in California, the government spends more than one million of the laboratory’s federal funding. This picture is bias because it shows an important event that occurred in PETA’s history.
PETA. 1988. N.d. PETA Website. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals. Web. 10 Dec. 2014.
This photograph shows PETA’s influence in helping animals in cosmetic and household product testing laboratories. Since this picture was taken from one of PETA’s undercover investigations, it is credible due to the research that PETA conducted. In the photo, there is a bunny in confinement with visible flesh in the middle of his body. His fur and skin are all gone in that section. Raw meat is visible. There is clear bias since PETA chose to display this picture to show people the tortures animals endured in these laboratories, but it is still a credible picture since it shows the cruelty against the animals. This photo is useful in our project because this shows PETA’s first year-long undercover investigation at Biosearch. They uncovered over 100 violations of federal and state anti-cruelty laws.
PETA. 1989. 1989. PETA Website. PETA. Web. 9 Dec. 2014.
This photograph shows PETA advocating for animal rights in animal testing. PETA took this picture therefore it would accurately depict their goals for campaigning. In the photo, there is a person dressed in a bunny suit, holding a sign that says, “PLEASE… DON’T LET AVON TEST ON ME.” Behind it, another sign writes, “AVON TORTURES ANIMALS FOR PROFIT.” These signs are clearly targeting Avon which is a beauty company. This photo shows PETA’s success in persuading Avon, Benetton, Mary Kay, Amway, Kenner, Mattel, and Hasbro to stop testing on animals. Since PETA took this photo, there is obvious bias is showing what they want us to see. Nevertheless, it’s a credible photo that clearly show PETA’s legacy in the Animal Rights Movement, specifically animal testing. This photo is useful in our project for the same reason, that it shows PETA’s legacy in animal testing.
PETA 1990 Milestone. Digital image. PETA. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, 1990. Web. 5 Dec. 2014.
This picture exposed the behind the scenes beating of orangutans by Bobby Berosini, a Las Vegas entertainer. It was effective in suspending his wildlife permit. This picture is bias because it only shows PETA’s views on the issue. It also represents an important milestone, event, in PETA’s history.
PETA 1991 Milestone. Digital image. PETA. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, 1991. Web. 5 Dec. 2014.
This photograph shows PETA’s accomplishment in the Silver Spring Monkeys case, marking the first animal experimentation case ever heard of by the U.S. Supreme Court. There is bias in this photo. The photo only shows PETA’s success along with its milestones, completely discarding the other opinions.
PETA. 1993. N.d. PETA Website. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals. Web. 10 Dec. 2014.
This photograph shows PETA’s hard- hitting campaign. This is credible because it was taken by PETA themselves, therefore accurately conveying the true goals behind this campaign. In the photo, there is a car with the words, “G.M. LAY-OFF ANIMAL NOT WORKERS.” This shows the clear message that PETA wants General Motors to stop using animals. Although this photo is clearly bias due to it display of only PETA’s point of view, it’s still credible is showing PETA’s success in stopping all car-crash tests on animals worldwide. This hard-hitting campaign was targeted at General Motors to stop their use of live pigs and ferrets for their car- crash tests. This photo is useful for our project because it displays another one of PETA’s legacies.
PETA 1994 Milestone. Digital image. PETA. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, 1994. Web. 5 Dec. 2014.
This photograph displays another investigation carried out by PETA. Farms agreed to stop cruel killing methods. This photo is bias because it appeals to supporters of PETA and it demonstrates PETA’s strengths and influence.
PETA 1994 Milestone. Digital image. PETA. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, 1994. Web. 27 Dec. 2014.
This photograph shows PETA’s success in convincing Calvin Klein to stop using fur in their products. Klein agreed in less than a month after PETA occupied his office in New York. This shows a clear bias because it portrays the efficiency of PETA and one of the many ways that they have reformed animal rights.
PETA 1995 Milestone. Digital image. PETA. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, 1995. Web. 5 Dec. 2014.
This photograph displays PETA’s efforts that led to the first cruelty charged filed against a factory farmer for cruelty to chickens. This picture shows the condition of the chicken that were starved by the farmers. It is clearly bias since it is taken to represent a milestone in PETA’s history.
PETA 1996 Milestone. Digital image. PETA. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, 1996. Web. 27 Dec. 2014.
This photograph displays both a positive and negative aspect of PETA. It shows that PETA is a persistent organization that advocates for animals, specifically monkeys in this case, but it also shows that some of their campaigns are not as effective. This has a negative bias against PETA because it shows that following PETA’s campaigns, NASA launches a bion and uses monkeys for the experiment.
PETA. 1998. 1998. PETA Website. PETA. Web. 9 Dec. 2014.
This photo shows PETA’s success in getting Taiwan to pass its first law against cruelty to animals. PETA is responsible for taking this picture therefore, it conveys their clear goals in advocating for animals. In the picture, a dog is trapped behind bars. The wall is peeling and falling apart. The bars are old and rusty. The dog carries a pleading look as if hoping to be rescued. On the top right-hand corner, it states, “For Taiwan’s homeless dogs…” PETA has rescued numerous dogs from being beaten, starved, electrocuted, and drowned in Taiwan’s pounds. Although this photo shows clear bias in conveying a specific message that PETA wants their audience to understand, it is still a credible photo in displaying their legacy, specifically Taiwan’s first ever law for Animals. This is useful in our project because it shows the influence that PETA has globally. It shows how they are able to become the largest animal rights organization in the world.
PETA 2000 Milestone. Digital image. PETA. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, 2000. Web. 27 Dec. 2014.
This photograph shows PETA’s achievement in convincing Gap Inc., J.Crew. Liz Claiborne, Clarks, and Florsheim to boycott the leather from India and China due to the extreme cruelties that animals face in the production of leather in those countries. This is very bias since it shows PETA’s success as an animal rights organization.
PETA 2001 Milestone. Digital image. PETA. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, 2001. Web. 12 Dec. 2014.
This photograph shows PETA’s success in persuading Burger King to adopt animal welfare improvements. These improvements included unannounced inspections of their slaughterhouses and giving the hens more room in the cages. It shows a gruesome image of pig heads that are practically unattached to the dead pigs’ body. This picture is evidently bias to urge a feeling of disgust for the cruelty of these animals. Also, it is used to represent an important milestone in PETA’s history.
PETA 2001 Milestone. Digital image. PETA. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, 2001. Web. 27 Dec. 2014.
This photograph shows the success of PETA’s campaigns in convincing fast food companies such as Wendy’s to change its rules regarding the handling and slaughter of the animals used in its food. This picture is clearly bias in the sense that it is chosen by PETA to represent one of its important milestones in its history.
PETA 2002 Milestone. Digital image. PETA. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, 2002. Web. 12 Dec. 2014.
This photograph shows the success of PETA’s efforts as it lead to the confiscation of six malnourished polar bears from a tropical circus. They were whipped and forced to perform in insane temperatures.This shows bias because it features one of PETA’s milestone accomplishments in history.
PETA 2003 Milestone. Digital image. PETA. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, 2003. Web. 28 Dec. 2014.
This photo shows a method in which PETA continues to improve society to become an animal friendly world. This is bias because it is only told through PETA’s point of view. It also features an important milestone in PETA’s history.
PETA 2005 Milestone. Digital image. PETA. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, 2005. Web. 28 Dec. 2014.
This photograph displays the results of PETA’s successful campaign. After their advocation, companies such as Honda, PUMA, Keds, and other companies withdraw the commercials that feature great apes. They pledge to never use great apes in future advertising. This shows a strong bias towards PETA because it’s showing a positive contribution that the organization has made to Animal Rights.
PETA 2006 Milestone. Digital image. PETA. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, 2006. Web. 27 Dec. 2014.
This picture shows PETA convincing Polo Ralph Lauren to stop selling fur and to donate the previously produced fur to those in need in Mongolia. It is extremely bias because not only does it show PETA helping the animal rights movement, but it shows that they also advocate for the general greater good.
PETA 2009 Milestone. Digital image. PETA. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, 2009. Web. 28 Dec. 2014.
This photograph shows the success of PETA’s exposure of animal rights issues. After releasing a video of the extreme suffering that exotic animals go through because of the skins trade, H&M becomes the first retailer to adopt a policy banning products made from exotic skins in all of its stores worldwide. This shows a strong bias towards PETA because it’s showing a positive contribution that the organization has made to Animal Rights.
PETA 2010 Milestone. Digital image. PETA. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, 2010. Web. 28 Dec. 2014.
This photograph shows PETA’s undercover investigation at Professional Laboratory and Research Services. They surrender nearly 200 dogs and more than 50 cats. In addition, their facility shuts down. This is the second time in U.S. history that a laboratory has been forced to surrender animals and shut down. This shows a strong bias towards PETA because it’s showing a positive contribution that the organization has made to Animal Rights.
PETA 2010 Milestone. Digital image. PETA. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, 2010. Web. 28 Dec. 2014.
This photo reveals PETA’s progress with their undercover investigations of the laboratories at the University of Utah. In less than six months, legislators overwhelmingly voted to amend a state law so that government-run animal shelters will no longer be forced to sell cats and dogs to laboratories. This shows a strong bias towards PETA because it’s showing a positive contribution that the organization has made to Animal Rights.
PETA 2012 Milestone. Digital image. PETA. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, 2012. Web. 28 Dec. 2014.
This photograph features PETA exposing cosmetic companies for secretly paying for tests on animals in China. It lead to the first non-animal tests for cosmetic ingredients. This shows a clear bias since it shows one of PETA’s major contributions to the animal rights movement.
PETA 2012 Milestone. Digital image. PETA. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, 2012. Web. 28 Dec. 2014.
This photograph reveals one of the positive effects of PETA’s investigations and campaigns. They led to a widespread set of reforms and accepted by many horse-racing tracks. This includes softer whips, limitations on whipping, increased drug testing, and mandatory horse ambulances on the track. This shows a strong bias towards PETA because it’s showing a positive contribution that the organization has made to Animal Rights.
PETA 2012 Milestone. Digital image. PETA. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, 2012. Web. 28 Dec. 2014.
This photograph represents PETA’s action in donating stimulators to Egypt so the country can end all use of animals for medical trauma testing. This shows a strong bias towards PETA because it’s showing a positive contribution that the organization has made to Animal Rights.
PETA 2014 Milestone. Digital image. PETA. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, 2014. Web. 28 Dec. 2014.
This photograph shows PETA’s first ever undercover investigation into the angora wool industry. They revealed rabbits tied down and screaming as fur is ripped from their bodies. This prohibited it from being sold by dozens of international companies. This shows a strong bias towards PETA because it’s showing a positive contribution that the organization has made to Animal Rights.
PETA 2011 Milestone. Digital image. PETA. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, 2011. Web. 28 Dec. 2014.
This photograph shows PETA exposing Ringling Bros’ violent training methods. There is photographic evidence that baby elephants are torn from their mothers and subject to cruel and abusive methods so that they would acquire the necessary tricks to perform. This photo is bias because it shows one of PETA’s milestones as an animal rights organization. It positively displays a way that PETA is contributing to the Animal Rights Movement.
PETA's 2014 Year in Review. PETA, 2014. Online Video.
This video features some of PETA's main contributions to the Animal Rights Movement in 2014. It displays some of the actions they took and the outcomes and benefits of the actions. There is definitely bias in the video. Since PETA created the video, there is not a single negative aspect of PETA in it. It is made to appeal to people so that they would portray them as a well-rounded and an influential organization.
PETA. "Bare Skin Not Bear Skin" N.d. Disturbing Images: Peta and the Feminist Ethics of Animal Advocacy. Project Muse. Web. 9 Dec. 2014.
This photo shows one of PETA’s countless ads in their No Fur campaign. It is a credible source because it was created by PETA to convey their message and goals to their audience. In the photograph, a naked woman is hugging a teddy bear that is covering most of her body. She is wearing a tiara on her head and a ring on her right middle finger. On the left of the ad, it writes, “Bare skin, not bear skin! Bearskin are for bears, not guardsmen.” This clearly shows PETA’s goals to stop the use of fur in clothing. Although it has clear bias in targeting their audience with an ad that is trying to inspire them to stop supporting the use of fur in clothing, it is still credible because it accurately depicts the issue that PETA is advocating for. This is useful in our project because it shows PETA’s legacy in convincing clothing companies such as Calvin Klein to stop using fur in their products.
PETA. Fur Free Collage. N.d. PETA Website. PETA. Web. 9 Dec. 2014.
This photograph is a collage of four different photos that are taken of PETA in their No Fur Campaign. PETA is responsible for selecting the photos for this collage therefore it credibly conveys PETA’s goals as an animal rights organization. All four photos contain signs that protest the use of fur and animals, specifically in clothing. The first photograph features several people locked up in cages advocating for the animals kept on fur farms. The second photo shows a group of people gathered together holding signs for the campaign. The third picture shows two people wearing furry animal suits and many others holding up more signs to support the campaign. The fourth photograph shows two people, a male and a female, naked and holding a sign stating, “BARE SKIN Don’t Wear Skin.” Although all of these pictures are clearly bias in the sense that they convey a specific message to the audience from PETA, they are still credible in displaying PETA’s actions in the animal rights movement, specifically their No Fur Campaign. This photo is useful in our project because it clearly shows PETA’s legacy in stopping the use of fur in many clothing companies as well as advocating for vegan and being kind to animals by excluding any animal products from people’s shopping lists.
PETA v. Barshefsky. United States District Court, D. Columbia. 17 May 1996. Google Scholar. Google Scholar, 17 May 1996. Web. 20
Oct. 2014. <http://scholar.google.com/scholarcase? case=18030366791238616515&q=peta&hl=en&as_sdt=3,33>
This document is a record of the court case, PETA v. Barshefsky. On November 4, 1991, the European Union (EU) prevented the use of leghold traps within the EU for certain species of animals. They also prohibit the import of animals that are held in leghold traps. However, this would allow the nations to import fur as long as the international humane trapping standard is met. Nations were concerned since no international humane trapping standard has been set. PETA interfered and wanted to impose the procedural and substantive requirements of the Federal Advisory Committee Act. Although their request for injunctive relief was denied, this case demonstrated their true compassion for animal rights and their motivation to end animal cruelty.
Solomon, Joshua. Newkirk, Ingrid 1989. 2015. Gelman Library at The George Washington University, Washington, D.C.
These photographs picture the letters passed between Ingrid Newkirk, Nadine P. Winter and Emory and Sandra Ludi. They display PETA's effort in banning the use of carriage horses in D.C. PETA does not support the use of animals for entertainment, and pulling carriages is one such form of entertainment that the organization tried to bring and end to. The sources were found in the Gelman Library at The University of George Washington and are the original documents, making them credible and useful sources. There is a bias in favor of PETA because it shows the side of the ARO that is rarely shown to the public and proves that they only resort to extreme measures when they are given no other choice.
"The Times-News - Google News Archive Search." The Times-News - Google News Archive Search. The New York Times, 19 Feb.
1993. Web. 24 Oct. 2014.
The New York Times article is about PETA’s success in ending the use of live animals in car crash tests. PETA ended an 18 month long protest against General Motors Corp. for the automaker’s involvement of animals in trauma testing. The testing involved swine, ferrets, and other animals. GM has claimed that they have stopped using animals as test subjects several times in the past, however, these claims were proven to be false by the Department of Agriculture. PETA has managed to obtain a written statement from GM containing the precise wording of the organization’s demands on ending trauma testing. GM was alone in the use of live animals for trauma testing, which means that animals are no longer at risk of death or injury as a result of car crash testing. The New York Times is a credible newspaper and contains factual information. The article is slightly biased in PETA’s favor, highlighting the organization’s influence in bringing an end to animal trauma tests.
What Does the Animal Welfare Act Do? Digital image. Defra. Crown, 2006. Web. 6 Dec. 2014.
This photo shows a checklist of things that would ensure the welfare of individual's pets. This is bias because it demonstrates the necessities of animals to avoid animal abuse.
Wiggins. "PETA v. DEPT. OF HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES, 917 F. 2d 15 - Court of Appeals, 9th Circuit 1990." Google Scholar. The
Supreme Court, 1990. Web. 7 Dec. 2014.
This circuit court case features PETA and Dr. Allen Rivers appealing to the District Court’s decision which failed to sue several federal agencies whom PETA believed to have violated the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) by awarding animal research grants without preparing Environmental Impact Statements (EISs). The 9th circuit Court is among the 13 Circuit Courts, aka Court of Appeals that handle appeals in this country. PETA alleged that the Department's grants funded research involving animals that resulted in a number of environmental impacts. This negatively affected Rivers' and PETA members' uses of the San Francisco Bay area for recreation, aesthetic, and "quality of life" and health purposes. This shows how far PETA is willing to do to continue fighting for animals. The judges of Circuit Courts are supposed to objectively decide on every case, however natural human bias comes into play.
<http://www.anchoragepress.com/letters/1079/letter-peta>
This is a letter from PETA sent to Mr. Michael Snowden, a man who was recently attacked by a mother bear during a deer hunting trip. The letter wished him a quick recovery but also tried to convince Snowden to give up hunting for good. Alicia Woemper wrote that the terrifying experience of being attacked by a bear should be compared to how the hunted animals feel when they are being shot at and left to die. She explained that the nature of bears was similar to that of humans in that they feel protective of their young, and believes that the reason for the attack was simply a mother’s attempt to rescue her cubs. She also offers statistics to show how much the deer suffer and the duration of their suffering to compel Snowden to stop hunting. The source provides the full text of the letter, and leaves the reader to decide for themselves how they feel about it, offering some bias because in favor of PETA because it only shows the arguments against hunting. The source is credible and useful because it shows that PETA addresses even individual cases of animal abuse, and takes every incident into account.
Animal Welfare Laws. Digital image. DEFRA. Crown, 2006. Web. 6 Dec. 2014.
This photo is a book cover. The cover pictures a rabbit and introduced the Animal Welfare Act. It is useful for our project because we included a section about the Animal Welfare Act amendment that PETA helped bring about. It is credible and there is a bias in favor of PETA because it discusses the Animal Welfare laws, which are meant to protest the well-being of animals.
Caged Cats. Digital image. PETA Latino. PETA Latino, n.d. Web. 2 Dec. 2014.
This photo shows three cats looking lost and scared behind bars in an animal shelter. Animal shelters are a common site of cruelty and abuse or neglect. PETA supports euthanizing animals who are terminally ill or are in extreme pain because "no kill" shelters often reject these animals and leave them to their suffering. There is a bias in this photo. It is trying to appeal to the sympathy in its viewers so that they might be more compelled to take action against the cruelty.
Caged Dogs. Digital image. PETA Latino. PETA Latino, n.d. Web. 2 Dec. 2014.
This photo shows two dogs looking lost and scared behind bars. Animal shelters are a common site of cruelty and abuse or neglect. PETA supports euthanizing animals who are terminally ill or are in extreme pain because "no kill" shelters often reject these animals and leave them to their suffering. here is a bias in this photo. It is trying to bring out the sympathy in its viewers so that they might be more compelled to take action against the cruelty.
Carley, Wayne W. "Like and Unlike: An Open Letter to Alicia Silverstone and People for theEthical Treatment of Animals." The American
Biology Teacher 60.2 (1998): 83-84. JSTOR. Web. 16 Oct. 2014.
This scholarly journal article includes a written conversation in the form of letters between Alicia Silverstone and Carly W. Wayne. The author Carly W. Wayne is the executive director at the National Association of Biology Teachers. His Ph.D. further supports his credibility. Replying to a letter from Silverstone, his views regarding dissections clearly differ from a member of PETA. PETA hopes to convince the NABT to voice their opinion and to find an alternative to dissections in education. They strongly believe that dissections are not essential in the learning process in Science. It unreasonably destroys life, when inanimate objects such as models can be used as a replacement and guarantee similar results. Wayne strongly disagrees with Silverstone, but nevertheless he offers credible viewpoints, first hand experiences, as well as an acknowledgement of PETA’s viewpoints.
Congressional Findings for 1985 Amendment. Digital image. United States Code. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1985. Web. 5 Nov.
2014.
This photograph shows the Congressional Findings for the 1985 amendment. It is a modification of the Animal Welfare Act. It is bias towards PETA because it shows one of PETA’s accomplishments as an Animal Rights Organization.
Cruz, Gilbert. "10 Questions for Ingrid Newkirk - Video - TIME.com." Time. Time Inc., n.d. Web. 14 Dec. 2014.
<http://content.time.com/time/video/player/0,32068,1875308404_1853517,00.html>.
This video interview is between Ingrid Newkirk and Gilbert Cruz. In this interview, she answers 10 questions from Time readers. These questions included ways in which ordinary people can get involved in fighting for animal right and questions about some of the ARO’s work and methods. Newkirk explains that the controversy behind some of their campaigns have gotten people to really pay attention to what was going on with the movement, even if they had’nt been interested in it at all before. She also talks about some of the most important steps the movement has produced in the fight for animal rights, among which is bringing an end to animal car crash testing and trauma experiments. She also talks about one of PETA’s goals to create in-vitro meat, which means creating and growing meat in a laboratory that will have all the same properties of meat that came from the slaughtering of an animal. She also confronts some of the criticism surrounding PETA’s aim to give animals rights, saying that the organization is not trying to give the animals the right to vote or the right to drive a car, but simply to give them their most basic needs: food, water, and peace. The source is credible, and the video is slightly biased in PETA’s favor since Ingrid Newkirk is giving her own perspective on animal rights and is a part of PETA.
Cunningham, Vanessa. “Rats are not considered animals under the federal Animal Welfare Act, even though rats and mice make up
approximately 95 percent of the animals suffering in labs.” Digital image. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals. PETA, 23
Apr. 2013. Web. 10 Dec. 2014. <http://www.peta.org/living/beauty/13-eye-opening-photos-animals-labs/>.
This photograph shows a rat with staples holding together the skin where its head had previously been cut open for experimentation purposes. The caption under the photo explains that rats and mice are not considered animals under the Animal Welfare Act so they are not protected by the same laws. They are the most frequently tested animals, and experience the most abuse. They are living creatures just like any other animal, however they do not get the same treatment. PETA published this photo to open people’s eyes to the abuse inflicted on animals and to show them that it is a real issue. The photograph was published on PETA’s website, which is a credible source, however the image is biased, because it doesn’t show the positive results that may have been discovered through the experimentation; it just pictures the injuries inflicted on the mouse. It is useful for our project because the visual images of animal abuse are more effective than verbal descriptions in explaining why animal cruelty is such a big problem.
Dogs in Living Quarters. Digital image. PETA Latino. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, n.d. Web. 9 Nov. 2014.
This picture shows two unsatisfied and unhealthy dogs locked in a cage. This is bias because it shows how vulnerable the animals were and the hardships that they had to endure in the animal shelters.
Dogs in Living Quarters. Digital image. PETA Latino. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, n.d. Web. 12 Nov. 2014.
This picture shows three cats that are suffering from the horrible conditions at shelters. Their sad frown shows the need for reform. PETA is one of the organizations that achieve this.
Drape, Joe. "PETA Accuses Two Trainers of Cruelty to Horses." The New York Times. The New York Times, 19 Mar. 2014. Web. 30
Oct. 2014.
This newspaper article discusses PETA’s exposure of Steve Asmussen, a trainer in horse races, cruelty to animals. Joe Drape is an award winning sports writer for the New York Times. He has many degrees that further support his credibility. In his article, he exposes the cruelties that Asmussen puts the horses through in addition to his administration of drugs to them for nontherapeutic purposes. He also encourages the use of electrical devices to shock horses so they can run faster. He gives credit to PETA’s undercover investigations for finding out these harsh treatments towards animals. PETA filed complaints with federal and state agencies in Kentucky and New York to prevent suffering horses from having to compete and undergo more abuse. PETA has also produced a 285 page report about his operations after they used a hidden camera to capture seven and more hours of video supporting Asmussen’s abuse of horses. He is bias towards PETA as he exposes the findings of their investigations. PETA uses investigations to expose the cruelty towards animals, to advocate for their rights.
"Emily Gaarder Interview." Online interview. 6 Jan. 2015.
Emily Gaarder is a credible professor with multiple degrees in the social sciences. She is an expert in the field and offers a more objective point of view as her opinions are influenced by data and research.
"Emily Lavender Interview." E-mail interview. 13 Jan. 2015.
Emily Lavender is part of PETA staff and she is a campaigner. She is a credible individual that can offer insight on how PETA works and what sets PETA apart from other animal rights organizations. There is a clear bias in the fact that she works for the organization.
"Emily Rohr Interview." E-mail interview. 12 Dec. 2014.
Emily Rohr is a part of PETA's youth organization called PETA2. She can offer insight on PETA's operations and the impact of PETA's actions on the world. She is a credible, but biased individual, based on the fact that she works for PETA. Her love for animals will also propel her to talk positively about the movement and the organization.
Friedrich, Bruce, Alex Bores, and Danny Blackman. "PETA Debate Video | Cornell Forensics Society." Cornell Forensics Society PETA
Debate Video Comments. Cornell Forensics Society, 17 Nov. 2010. Web. 19 Dec. 2014.
This video features a debate between PETA and Cornell’s Forensics Society. Bruce Friedrich, the vice president of PETA and Cornell students, Alex Bores and Danny Blackman are all credible people for discussing this subject. The Vice president of PETA, the worlds largest animal rights organization would have specific knowledge of PETA’s viewpoints. They are debating over the topic, “is eating meat ethical?” Friedrich argues that eating meat increases global poverty, hurts the environment and leads to animal cruelty. According to Friedrich, meat increases food prices in struggling, developing countries. Bores and Blackman argued that destroying the meat industry would cost 6.2 million jobs in the U.S. and, indirectly, approximately 17 percent of U.S. gross domestic product. They agree that excessive consumption of meat is unreasonable however a limited amount is not. Although both sides have their own bias in getting their points across, this video features both sides, thus you can get an objective viewpoint on the subject.
Grant, Alastair. Digital image. The Guardian. Guardian, n.d. Web. 16 Nov. 2014.
This photograph shows Ingrid Newkirk experiencing the same torture that the animals go through. She has a tube shoved down her throat to be force fed. This picture is bias towards Newkirk because it demonstrates how far she is willing to advocate for animals.
I Am an Animal: The Story of Ingrid Newkirk and PETA. Dir. Matthew Galkin. Perf. Ingrid Newkirk. HBO Studios, 2008. Youtube.com.
Youtube, 2 Sept. 2008. Web. 3 Jan. 2015.
This documentary was about Ingrid Newkirk and her animal rights organization, PETA. It gives insight to the daily life of an animal rights activist such as Ingrid Newkirk, and documents her routine from the moment she wakes up to the end of a day fighting for the rights of animals. The documentary talks about the criticism surrounding PETA and even features some of the hateful mail Newkirk receives from aggravated members of the public. Newkirk rebuts these criticisms and gives her side of the issue, shedding light on the true horrors of animal abuse. The documentary explains why the organization goes to extremes in their campaigns and it even shows some of the animals that the group’s work was able to help. The film is very biased, since it is from the perspective of the founder of PETA, and she is trying to get people to understand and support the group’s mission, however it also addresses some anti-PETA issues that give the documentary insight to both sides of the argument. The publisher and studio are experienced and reputable and have created many other similar works.
Ingrid Newkirk. Digital image. PETA. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, n.d. Web. 7 Dec. 2014.
This photo is a simple picture of Ingrid Newkirk. It shows little bias in the sense that Newkirk is showing kindness and compassion towards the dog.
Interlandi, Jeneen. "PETA and Euthanasia." Newsweek. Newsweek LLC, 14 Apr. 2011. Web. 30 Oct. 2014.
This newspaper article discusses PETA’s action of euthanizing a majority of the animals that they save simply because there is not enough people adopting them. Jeneen Interlandi is a credible author who has written many other articles for Newsweek and brings attention to social issues in society. PETA believes that euthanizations are a humane way to give peace to the unwanted and suffering animals. He discusses the controversy of these euthanizations as other organizations have found more humane ways to preserve these animals. Even under all of this criticism, PETA remains a strong advocate for animal rights as well as euthanizations being an acceptable method to bring animals peace. Interlandi is bias against PETA as she discusses the fact that other organizations have found an alternative to euthanizing their animals, but she does bring readers’ attention to the positive impacts of PETA’s actions.
Masters, Kim. "HBO Vs. PETA: Letters Reveal Long Battle Over 'Luck'" The Hollywood Reporter. The Hollywood Reporter, 29 Mar.
2012. Web. 9 Dec. 2014. <http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/hbo-luck-canceled-peta-305874>.
This website published several letters between PETA, and HBO about the horses’ safety on the set of the show Luck. PETA had received news that the safety precautions and conditions were not abiding by the American Humane Association regulations. They stepped in to inquire about the veterinary care and specialists that were hired to keep the horses safe. HBO responded that they had hired the appropriate care needed for the horses, however after 3 deaths on set, PETA demanded that they fix the situation immediately and accused HBO of not listening to the specialist’s advice and of neglecting the horse’s needs. The letters were published by Kim Masters, who was a contributing editor at Vanity Fair, Time and Esquire, and was a staff reporter for the Washington Post, and has received many awards for her journalism. She is credible, however the source is slightly biased in PETA’s favor because she introduces the letters by emphasizing PETA’s quick response to the alleged horse abuse. This is useful for our project because it is evidence against common beliefs that PETA immediately leaps to drastic measures and protests. They first try and get it touch with the organizations or people who are accused of animal abuse before they resort to extreme campaigns.
Mullins, Alisa. PETA President’s Birthday Wish Comes True. Digital image. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals. PETA, 11 June
2013. Web. 11 Dec. 2014.
This photograph shows Ingrid Newkirk’s direct influence in a cause that her organization People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals is advocating for. Alisa Mullins is a credible author whose writing has been published in numerous credible newspapers and journals, such as The New York Times. In the photo, Ingrid Newkirk is petting a bull that is burdened with a heavy cart of wood. This shows her caring for helpless animals that are abused on an everyday basis. Every year on her birthday, she chooses a cause that she would like to advocate for. In 2013, she chose Animal Rahat, which consists primarily of providing veterinary care, water, shade, rest, rehabilitation, and retirement to bullocks, donkeys, and other animals toiling as “beasts of burden” in India, the place where she spent her childhood. This article is clearly bias since it conveys a specific message that PETA wants their audience to know. It only advocates for their cause as they try to persuade their audience to donate to Animal Rahat. This photo is useful in our project because it shows part of Ingrid Newkirk’s inspiration for the actions she take as well as how her actions benefit animals.
Newkirk, Ingrid E. "Vegetarian Times." Google Books. Vegetarian Times, Jan. 2001. Web. 09 Dec. 2014.
This magazine featured a correspondence between PETA and the editors. This correspondence explained PETA’s goal as an organization, and discussed some of the achievements of the ARO. The editors wrote saying that they chose PETA to put into their Hall of Fame out of hundreds of thousands of other groups because they were among the best. The organizations that were chosen for the Hall of Fame were nonprofit humanitarian organizations who worked to make the world a better place. The editors applauded PETA for taking on the responsibilities of the animal rights movement from which many others shy away from. Ingrid Newkirk responded to the letter thanking the editors for the honor and explains that the ARO is dedicated to educating people about pure vegetarian eating and bringing an end to animal slaughter and suffering. She ends her response by saying that animal liberation is human liberation. This source is credible and both letters are original. This source is useful because it explains the goal of PETA in the founder’s own words in a succinct way. There is a bias in PETA’s favor because the letters were published in a vegetarian magazine, which focuses on ways to avoid eating meat and would naturally support a group such as PETA.
Newkirk, Ingrid. Ingrid Newkirk. Digital image. Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 27 May 2013. Web. 21 Dec. 2014.
This photograph shows Ingrid Newkirk, the president of PETA (The People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals). Newkirk is displaying a large and vibrant smile in the picture. Behind her, there is a blue wall with the the word “PETA” in it. This picture may show bias in the sense that it is portraying a positive side of Newkirk.
Pacheco, Alex. Monkeys were strapped into a homemade restraint chair—their waist, ankles, wrists, and neck kept immobile. Digital
image. PETA. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, n.d. Web. 18 Nov. 2015.
This photograph pictures one of the Silver Spring Monkeys locked in a restraint contraption. This restraining device was used to hold the monkeys in place as the scientist led various torture tests on the monkeys. Their nerves were severed and then the monkeys were shocked, beaten, starved and tortured to see if stress could force them to use the limbs they could no longer feel. This photo was taken by PETA’s co-founder, Alex Pacheco in an undercover study. This photo may be slightly biased in PETA’s favor since it could have been shot at an angle that most emphasized the monkey’s abuse and discomfort, however the source if original and first hand evidence of the treatment these monkeys received.
Pacheco, Alex. “Workers often neglected to feed the monkeys, and the animals would desperately pick through the waste at the bottom
of their cages trying to find food.” Digital image. PETA. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, n.d. Web. 10 Dec. 2014.<http://www.peta.org/issues/animals-used-for- experimentation/silver-spring-monkeys/>.
This photograph was taken by Alex Pacheco, the cofounder of PETA in an undercover investigation of the Silver Spring laboratory. It pictures two monkeys in their cage reaching out and searing through the dirt and waste for scraps of food. These photos show that the monkeys were not receiving proper attention and were being starved. They would not be fed regularly and after suffering through many experiments, they would have to use injured limbs to search for food. This photo is published on PETA’s website, and it was an original photograph. The photo might be biased since it captures only the poor conditions endured by the monkeys and it shows the viewers what Pacheco wanted to emphasize. The source is credible and was even used as evidence in the Silver Spring Monkeys cout case. It is helpful for our project because it shows people what PETA is really fighting against, and it emphasizes the abuse and neglect many animals experience.
People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, Inc. v. Doughney. United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit. 6 Sept. 2001. Google
Scholar. Google Scholar, 6 Sept. 2001. Web. 20 Oct. 2014. <http://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?
case=9707711260962961959&q=People+for+the+Ethical+Treatment+of+Animals,+Inc.+v. +Doughney&hl=en&as_sdt=6,33>.
The document was a record of a court case between People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), the plaintiff-appellee, and Michael T. Doughney, the defendant appellant. The ARO has been using PETA as its trademark since 1980 to promote public awareness about animal rights. In 1995, Doughney registered the domain name “peta.org” and used it for a website called “People Eating Tasty Animals,” which promoted the sale of leather, meat, and hunting equiptment, and had the bad-faith intent to profit off of the domain name. PETA sued Doughney for creating a website that was antithetical to PETA’s purpose, and for causing legitimate confusion among their followers who were looking for a PETA information website. By ruling of the court, Doughney had to transfer the domain name to the plaintiff, along with all other domain names that could mislead the public. This case was resolved in PETA’s favor and is how the ARO first provided access to information regarding their organization online. This source is helpful in identifying ways that PETA has affected the Animal Rights Movement.
PETA 1980 Milestone. Digital image. PETA. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, 1980. Web. 5 Dec. 2014.
This photo features the formation of PETA and their success on organizing the first World Day for Laboratory Animal Protest in the U.S. It also symbolizes their first demonstration in a shutdown chicken slaughter house at Arrow LivePoultry.This is clearly bias because it is taken to show a proud moment in PETA’s history.
PETA 1981 Milestone. Digital image. PETA. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, 1981. Web. 5 Dec. 2014.
This photograph shows the results from PETA’s undercover investigation that exposed the suffering of the Silver Spring monkeys in a Maryland research facility. This resulted in the first-ever police raid on the lab. This photo is biased because it is specifically taken to show PETA’s history.
PETA. 1982. N.d. PETA Website. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals. Web. 9 Dec. 2014.
This photograph displays PETA’s influence in the Animal Rights Movement, specifically regarding the issue of using animals in experiments. This is a credible photograph because it is the product of PETA’s undercover investigation in exposing the suffering of the Silver Springs monkeys. In the photo, a monkey is bandages and injured on the floor. It is missing its right arm and his eyes carry a pleading look, as if hoping to be rescued from his misery. There is also a hand wrapped around his body. There is clear bias because PETA chose this photo to depict the torture that the Silver Springs monkeys endured, advocating for one side. This photograph is useful in our project because it represents PETA as the guardian of animals used in experiments. They were the first ever to file a lawsuit for that cause.
PETA 1984 Milestone. Digital image. PETA. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, 1984. Web. 5 Dec. 2014.
This photograph show’s PETA shutting down a slaughterhouse in Texas. In this slaughterhouse, about 30,000 horses were starved in the frozen fields without shelter. This picture is bias because it shows a PETA milestone, an important event in PETA history.
PETA 1985 Milestone. Digital image. PETA. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, 1985. Web. 5 Dec. 2014.
This photo show’s its impact in the world. After it publicized the mistreatment of animals at City of Hope in California, the government spends more than one million of the laboratory’s federal funding. This picture is bias because it shows an important event that occurred in PETA’s history.
PETA. 1988. N.d. PETA Website. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals. Web. 10 Dec. 2014.
This photograph shows PETA’s influence in helping animals in cosmetic and household product testing laboratories. Since this picture was taken from one of PETA’s undercover investigations, it is credible due to the research that PETA conducted. In the photo, there is a bunny in confinement with visible flesh in the middle of his body. His fur and skin are all gone in that section. Raw meat is visible. There is clear bias since PETA chose to display this picture to show people the tortures animals endured in these laboratories, but it is still a credible picture since it shows the cruelty against the animals. This photo is useful in our project because this shows PETA’s first year-long undercover investigation at Biosearch. They uncovered over 100 violations of federal and state anti-cruelty laws.
PETA. 1989. 1989. PETA Website. PETA. Web. 9 Dec. 2014.
This photograph shows PETA advocating for animal rights in animal testing. PETA took this picture therefore it would accurately depict their goals for campaigning. In the photo, there is a person dressed in a bunny suit, holding a sign that says, “PLEASE… DON’T LET AVON TEST ON ME.” Behind it, another sign writes, “AVON TORTURES ANIMALS FOR PROFIT.” These signs are clearly targeting Avon which is a beauty company. This photo shows PETA’s success in persuading Avon, Benetton, Mary Kay, Amway, Kenner, Mattel, and Hasbro to stop testing on animals. Since PETA took this photo, there is obvious bias is showing what they want us to see. Nevertheless, it’s a credible photo that clearly show PETA’s legacy in the Animal Rights Movement, specifically animal testing. This photo is useful in our project for the same reason, that it shows PETA’s legacy in animal testing.
PETA 1990 Milestone. Digital image. PETA. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, 1990. Web. 5 Dec. 2014.
This picture exposed the behind the scenes beating of orangutans by Bobby Berosini, a Las Vegas entertainer. It was effective in suspending his wildlife permit. This picture is bias because it only shows PETA’s views on the issue. It also represents an important milestone, event, in PETA’s history.
PETA 1991 Milestone. Digital image. PETA. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, 1991. Web. 5 Dec. 2014.
This photograph shows PETA’s accomplishment in the Silver Spring Monkeys case, marking the first animal experimentation case ever heard of by the U.S. Supreme Court. There is bias in this photo. The photo only shows PETA’s success along with its milestones, completely discarding the other opinions.
PETA. 1993. N.d. PETA Website. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals. Web. 10 Dec. 2014.
This photograph shows PETA’s hard- hitting campaign. This is credible because it was taken by PETA themselves, therefore accurately conveying the true goals behind this campaign. In the photo, there is a car with the words, “G.M. LAY-OFF ANIMAL NOT WORKERS.” This shows the clear message that PETA wants General Motors to stop using animals. Although this photo is clearly bias due to it display of only PETA’s point of view, it’s still credible is showing PETA’s success in stopping all car-crash tests on animals worldwide. This hard-hitting campaign was targeted at General Motors to stop their use of live pigs and ferrets for their car- crash tests. This photo is useful for our project because it displays another one of PETA’s legacies.
PETA 1994 Milestone. Digital image. PETA. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, 1994. Web. 5 Dec. 2014.
This photograph displays another investigation carried out by PETA. Farms agreed to stop cruel killing methods. This photo is bias because it appeals to supporters of PETA and it demonstrates PETA’s strengths and influence.
PETA 1994 Milestone. Digital image. PETA. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, 1994. Web. 27 Dec. 2014.
This photograph shows PETA’s success in convincing Calvin Klein to stop using fur in their products. Klein agreed in less than a month after PETA occupied his office in New York. This shows a clear bias because it portrays the efficiency of PETA and one of the many ways that they have reformed animal rights.
PETA 1995 Milestone. Digital image. PETA. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, 1995. Web. 5 Dec. 2014.
This photograph displays PETA’s efforts that led to the first cruelty charged filed against a factory farmer for cruelty to chickens. This picture shows the condition of the chicken that were starved by the farmers. It is clearly bias since it is taken to represent a milestone in PETA’s history.
PETA 1996 Milestone. Digital image. PETA. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, 1996. Web. 27 Dec. 2014.
This photograph displays both a positive and negative aspect of PETA. It shows that PETA is a persistent organization that advocates for animals, specifically monkeys in this case, but it also shows that some of their campaigns are not as effective. This has a negative bias against PETA because it shows that following PETA’s campaigns, NASA launches a bion and uses monkeys for the experiment.
PETA. 1998. 1998. PETA Website. PETA. Web. 9 Dec. 2014.
This photo shows PETA’s success in getting Taiwan to pass its first law against cruelty to animals. PETA is responsible for taking this picture therefore, it conveys their clear goals in advocating for animals. In the picture, a dog is trapped behind bars. The wall is peeling and falling apart. The bars are old and rusty. The dog carries a pleading look as if hoping to be rescued. On the top right-hand corner, it states, “For Taiwan’s homeless dogs…” PETA has rescued numerous dogs from being beaten, starved, electrocuted, and drowned in Taiwan’s pounds. Although this photo shows clear bias in conveying a specific message that PETA wants their audience to understand, it is still a credible photo in displaying their legacy, specifically Taiwan’s first ever law for Animals. This is useful in our project because it shows the influence that PETA has globally. It shows how they are able to become the largest animal rights organization in the world.
PETA 2000 Milestone. Digital image. PETA. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, 2000. Web. 27 Dec. 2014.
This photograph shows PETA’s achievement in convincing Gap Inc., J.Crew. Liz Claiborne, Clarks, and Florsheim to boycott the leather from India and China due to the extreme cruelties that animals face in the production of leather in those countries. This is very bias since it shows PETA’s success as an animal rights organization.
PETA 2001 Milestone. Digital image. PETA. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, 2001. Web. 12 Dec. 2014.
This photograph shows PETA’s success in persuading Burger King to adopt animal welfare improvements. These improvements included unannounced inspections of their slaughterhouses and giving the hens more room in the cages. It shows a gruesome image of pig heads that are practically unattached to the dead pigs’ body. This picture is evidently bias to urge a feeling of disgust for the cruelty of these animals. Also, it is used to represent an important milestone in PETA’s history.
PETA 2001 Milestone. Digital image. PETA. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, 2001. Web. 27 Dec. 2014.
This photograph shows the success of PETA’s campaigns in convincing fast food companies such as Wendy’s to change its rules regarding the handling and slaughter of the animals used in its food. This picture is clearly bias in the sense that it is chosen by PETA to represent one of its important milestones in its history.
PETA 2002 Milestone. Digital image. PETA. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, 2002. Web. 12 Dec. 2014.
This photograph shows the success of PETA’s efforts as it lead to the confiscation of six malnourished polar bears from a tropical circus. They were whipped and forced to perform in insane temperatures.This shows bias because it features one of PETA’s milestone accomplishments in history.
PETA 2003 Milestone. Digital image. PETA. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, 2003. Web. 28 Dec. 2014.
This photo shows a method in which PETA continues to improve society to become an animal friendly world. This is bias because it is only told through PETA’s point of view. It also features an important milestone in PETA’s history.
PETA 2005 Milestone. Digital image. PETA. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, 2005. Web. 28 Dec. 2014.
This photograph displays the results of PETA’s successful campaign. After their advocation, companies such as Honda, PUMA, Keds, and other companies withdraw the commercials that feature great apes. They pledge to never use great apes in future advertising. This shows a strong bias towards PETA because it’s showing a positive contribution that the organization has made to Animal Rights.
PETA 2006 Milestone. Digital image. PETA. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, 2006. Web. 27 Dec. 2014.
This picture shows PETA convincing Polo Ralph Lauren to stop selling fur and to donate the previously produced fur to those in need in Mongolia. It is extremely bias because not only does it show PETA helping the animal rights movement, but it shows that they also advocate for the general greater good.
PETA 2009 Milestone. Digital image. PETA. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, 2009. Web. 28 Dec. 2014.
This photograph shows the success of PETA’s exposure of animal rights issues. After releasing a video of the extreme suffering that exotic animals go through because of the skins trade, H&M becomes the first retailer to adopt a policy banning products made from exotic skins in all of its stores worldwide. This shows a strong bias towards PETA because it’s showing a positive contribution that the organization has made to Animal Rights.
PETA 2010 Milestone. Digital image. PETA. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, 2010. Web. 28 Dec. 2014.
This photograph shows PETA’s undercover investigation at Professional Laboratory and Research Services. They surrender nearly 200 dogs and more than 50 cats. In addition, their facility shuts down. This is the second time in U.S. history that a laboratory has been forced to surrender animals and shut down. This shows a strong bias towards PETA because it’s showing a positive contribution that the organization has made to Animal Rights.
PETA 2010 Milestone. Digital image. PETA. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, 2010. Web. 28 Dec. 2014.
This photo reveals PETA’s progress with their undercover investigations of the laboratories at the University of Utah. In less than six months, legislators overwhelmingly voted to amend a state law so that government-run animal shelters will no longer be forced to sell cats and dogs to laboratories. This shows a strong bias towards PETA because it’s showing a positive contribution that the organization has made to Animal Rights.
PETA 2012 Milestone. Digital image. PETA. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, 2012. Web. 28 Dec. 2014.
This photograph features PETA exposing cosmetic companies for secretly paying for tests on animals in China. It lead to the first non-animal tests for cosmetic ingredients. This shows a clear bias since it shows one of PETA’s major contributions to the animal rights movement.
PETA 2012 Milestone. Digital image. PETA. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, 2012. Web. 28 Dec. 2014.
This photograph reveals one of the positive effects of PETA’s investigations and campaigns. They led to a widespread set of reforms and accepted by many horse-racing tracks. This includes softer whips, limitations on whipping, increased drug testing, and mandatory horse ambulances on the track. This shows a strong bias towards PETA because it’s showing a positive contribution that the organization has made to Animal Rights.
PETA 2012 Milestone. Digital image. PETA. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, 2012. Web. 28 Dec. 2014.
This photograph represents PETA’s action in donating stimulators to Egypt so the country can end all use of animals for medical trauma testing. This shows a strong bias towards PETA because it’s showing a positive contribution that the organization has made to Animal Rights.
PETA 2014 Milestone. Digital image. PETA. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, 2014. Web. 28 Dec. 2014.
This photograph shows PETA’s first ever undercover investigation into the angora wool industry. They revealed rabbits tied down and screaming as fur is ripped from their bodies. This prohibited it from being sold by dozens of international companies. This shows a strong bias towards PETA because it’s showing a positive contribution that the organization has made to Animal Rights.
PETA 2011 Milestone. Digital image. PETA. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, 2011. Web. 28 Dec. 2014.
This photograph shows PETA exposing Ringling Bros’ violent training methods. There is photographic evidence that baby elephants are torn from their mothers and subject to cruel and abusive methods so that they would acquire the necessary tricks to perform. This photo is bias because it shows one of PETA’s milestones as an animal rights organization. It positively displays a way that PETA is contributing to the Animal Rights Movement.
PETA's 2014 Year in Review. PETA, 2014. Online Video.
This video features some of PETA's main contributions to the Animal Rights Movement in 2014. It displays some of the actions they took and the outcomes and benefits of the actions. There is definitely bias in the video. Since PETA created the video, there is not a single negative aspect of PETA in it. It is made to appeal to people so that they would portray them as a well-rounded and an influential organization.
PETA. "Bare Skin Not Bear Skin" N.d. Disturbing Images: Peta and the Feminist Ethics of Animal Advocacy. Project Muse. Web. 9 Dec. 2014.
This photo shows one of PETA’s countless ads in their No Fur campaign. It is a credible source because it was created by PETA to convey their message and goals to their audience. In the photograph, a naked woman is hugging a teddy bear that is covering most of her body. She is wearing a tiara on her head and a ring on her right middle finger. On the left of the ad, it writes, “Bare skin, not bear skin! Bearskin are for bears, not guardsmen.” This clearly shows PETA’s goals to stop the use of fur in clothing. Although it has clear bias in targeting their audience with an ad that is trying to inspire them to stop supporting the use of fur in clothing, it is still credible because it accurately depicts the issue that PETA is advocating for. This is useful in our project because it shows PETA’s legacy in convincing clothing companies such as Calvin Klein to stop using fur in their products.
PETA. Fur Free Collage. N.d. PETA Website. PETA. Web. 9 Dec. 2014.
This photograph is a collage of four different photos that are taken of PETA in their No Fur Campaign. PETA is responsible for selecting the photos for this collage therefore it credibly conveys PETA’s goals as an animal rights organization. All four photos contain signs that protest the use of fur and animals, specifically in clothing. The first photograph features several people locked up in cages advocating for the animals kept on fur farms. The second photo shows a group of people gathered together holding signs for the campaign. The third picture shows two people wearing furry animal suits and many others holding up more signs to support the campaign. The fourth photograph shows two people, a male and a female, naked and holding a sign stating, “BARE SKIN Don’t Wear Skin.” Although all of these pictures are clearly bias in the sense that they convey a specific message to the audience from PETA, they are still credible in displaying PETA’s actions in the animal rights movement, specifically their No Fur Campaign. This photo is useful in our project because it clearly shows PETA’s legacy in stopping the use of fur in many clothing companies as well as advocating for vegan and being kind to animals by excluding any animal products from people’s shopping lists.
PETA v. Barshefsky. United States District Court, D. Columbia. 17 May 1996. Google Scholar. Google Scholar, 17 May 1996. Web. 20
Oct. 2014. <http://scholar.google.com/scholarcase? case=18030366791238616515&q=peta&hl=en&as_sdt=3,33>
This document is a record of the court case, PETA v. Barshefsky. On November 4, 1991, the European Union (EU) prevented the use of leghold traps within the EU for certain species of animals. They also prohibit the import of animals that are held in leghold traps. However, this would allow the nations to import fur as long as the international humane trapping standard is met. Nations were concerned since no international humane trapping standard has been set. PETA interfered and wanted to impose the procedural and substantive requirements of the Federal Advisory Committee Act. Although their request for injunctive relief was denied, this case demonstrated their true compassion for animal rights and their motivation to end animal cruelty.
Solomon, Joshua. Newkirk, Ingrid 1989. 2015. Gelman Library at The George Washington University, Washington, D.C.
These photographs picture the letters passed between Ingrid Newkirk, Nadine P. Winter and Emory and Sandra Ludi. They display PETA's effort in banning the use of carriage horses in D.C. PETA does not support the use of animals for entertainment, and pulling carriages is one such form of entertainment that the organization tried to bring and end to. The sources were found in the Gelman Library at The University of George Washington and are the original documents, making them credible and useful sources. There is a bias in favor of PETA because it shows the side of the ARO that is rarely shown to the public and proves that they only resort to extreme measures when they are given no other choice.
"The Times-News - Google News Archive Search." The Times-News - Google News Archive Search. The New York Times, 19 Feb.
1993. Web. 24 Oct. 2014.
The New York Times article is about PETA’s success in ending the use of live animals in car crash tests. PETA ended an 18 month long protest against General Motors Corp. for the automaker’s involvement of animals in trauma testing. The testing involved swine, ferrets, and other animals. GM has claimed that they have stopped using animals as test subjects several times in the past, however, these claims were proven to be false by the Department of Agriculture. PETA has managed to obtain a written statement from GM containing the precise wording of the organization’s demands on ending trauma testing. GM was alone in the use of live animals for trauma testing, which means that animals are no longer at risk of death or injury as a result of car crash testing. The New York Times is a credible newspaper and contains factual information. The article is slightly biased in PETA’s favor, highlighting the organization’s influence in bringing an end to animal trauma tests.
What Does the Animal Welfare Act Do? Digital image. Defra. Crown, 2006. Web. 6 Dec. 2014.
This photo shows a checklist of things that would ensure the welfare of individual's pets. This is bias because it demonstrates the necessities of animals to avoid animal abuse.
Wiggins. "PETA v. DEPT. OF HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES, 917 F. 2d 15 - Court of Appeals, 9th Circuit 1990." Google Scholar. The
Supreme Court, 1990. Web. 7 Dec. 2014.
This circuit court case features PETA and Dr. Allen Rivers appealing to the District Court’s decision which failed to sue several federal agencies whom PETA believed to have violated the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) by awarding animal research grants without preparing Environmental Impact Statements (EISs). The 9th circuit Court is among the 13 Circuit Courts, aka Court of Appeals that handle appeals in this country. PETA alleged that the Department's grants funded research involving animals that resulted in a number of environmental impacts. This negatively affected Rivers' and PETA members' uses of the San Francisco Bay area for recreation, aesthetic, and "quality of life" and health purposes. This shows how far PETA is willing to do to continue fighting for animals. The judges of Circuit Courts are supposed to objectively decide on every case, however natural human bias comes into play.